B1 – UNIT 4 – ESSENTIAL GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

B1 UNIT 4

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY 

Boiling (adj) very hot

Calm (adj) peaceful and quiet

Crowded (adj) very full of people

Deep (adj) having a long distance from the top to the bottom

Department store (n) a large shop divided into several different parts which sell different types of things

Dull (adj) not interesting

Empty (adj) If something is empty, it does not contain anything

Enormous (adj) extremely large

Extremely (adv) very, or much more than usual

Filthy (adj) extremely dirty

Flat (adj) smooth and level, with no curved, high, or hollow parts

Fountain (n) a structure that forces water up into the air as a decoration

Freezing (adj) very cold

Hilly (adj) having lots of hills

Journey (n) when you travel from one place to another

Lively (adj) full of energy and interest

Market (n) a place where people go to buy or sell things, often outside

Narrow (adj) Narrow things measure a small distance from one side to the other

Noisy (adj) Noisy people or things make a lot of noise

Port (n) a town or an area of a town next to the water where ships arrive and leave from

Shallow (adj) not deep

Shopping Centre (n) a place where a lot of shops have been built close together

Snorkel (n) a tube that you use to help you breathe if you are swimming with your face under water

Snowboard (n) a large board that you stand on to move over snow

Souvenir (n) something which you buy or keep to remember a special event or holiday

Sunbathe (v) to sit or lie in the sun so that your skin becomes brown

Take photos (v) to produce a picture using a camera

Tiny (adj) extremely small

Tourist office (n) a building where someone who visits a place for pleasure can get information.

Town Hall (n) a large building where local government is based

Travel (v) to make a journey

Travel (n) the activity of travelling

Trek (n) a long, difficult journey that you make by walking

Trip (n) a journey in which you visit a place for a short time and come back again

Youth club (n) an organisation for young people who want to take part in sport or social activity together, or the building they use for this

 

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

 WE USE A COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE TO COMPARE TWO PEOPLE OR THINGS AND TO SAY THAT ONE THING HAS MORE (OR LESS) OF A QUALITY (SIZE, HEIGHT, ETC.) THAN THE OTHER: A BLUE WHALE IS HEAVIER THAN AN ELEPHANT. MOUNT EVEREST IS HIGHER THAN K2.

WE USE A SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE TO COMPARE ONE PERSON OR ONE THING WITH ALL THOSE IN THE SAME GROUP AND TO SAY THAT THIS THING HAS THE MOST (OR THE LEAST) OF A QUALITY. THERE ARE MANY HIGH MOUNTAINS BUT MOUNT EVEREST IS THE HIGHEST.

 

 

COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES SUPERLATIVES ADJECTIVES
  • We add -er to one-syllable adjectives i.e. deep, high, tall. The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the Atlntic.
  • We add-er to two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -ly i.e. noisy, friendly. My brother is friendlier than me.
  • We use more to form the comparative of most other two-syllable adjectives. Gold is more expensive than silver.
  • After the adjective we usually put than.
  • The adjectives good, bad, and far, form irregular comparisons.
  • We can sometimes use less instead of more: A mobile phone is normally less expensive than a laptop.
  •  We add -est to one-syllable adjectives: The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world.
  • We add-est to two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -ly. The blue whale is the heaviest animal in the world.
  • We use most to form the superlative of two- syllable adjectives: The mosquito is the most dangerous creature in the world.
  • Before the adjective we usually put the.
  • The adjectives good, bad and far, form irregular superlatives
  • We can sometimes use least instead of most: This mobile phone is the least expensive.
Regular      
adjective comparative superlative Rule
deep deeper deepest  most adjectives add    -er or -est
       Adjectives ending in:
 safe  safer  safest  -e add -r or -st
 noisy  noisier  noisiest  -y change to -i add -er or -est
 big  bigger  biggest  one vowel + one consonant double the last consonant, add    -er or -est
 Irregular      
 good                            bad                              far  better                          worse                          farther/further best                             worst                            farthest/furthest  irregular

 

 

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